Femoral Hernia Surgery

Celebrities who have suffered from Hernia

Amitabh Bachchan

Dwayne Johnson

Denise Richards

Amazing Facts About Femoral Hernia

• Less Common: Femoral hernias are less common than inguinal hernias and make up approximately 2-4% of all hernias. They are more prevalent in women, particularly those over the age of 65. (Source)

• Female Predominance: Femoral hernias are more common in women, with a female-to-male ratio of about 10:1. This may be due to anatomical differences, such as a wider and more vertically oriented femoral canal in women. (Source)

• Higher Risk of Incarceration and Strangulation: Femoral hernias have a higher risk of incarceration and strangulation compared to other hernia types. The narrow femoral canal can easily trap and compress the herniated tissue, leading to compromised blood flow and potential strangulation. This makes timely diagnosis and treatment crucial. (Source)

• Low Recurrence Rate: The recurrence rate of femoral hernia repair is generally low, especially when using mesh reinforcement. However, the risk of recurrence increases with larger hernias, improper surgical technique, and failure to address underlying risk factors, such as obesity or chronic coughing. (Source)

4 Reasons for Early Treatment of Femoral Hernia

1. Prevention of complications: Early treatment can help prevent potential complications of femoral hernia, such as strangulation or obstruction of the hernia contents, which can lead to severe pain, tissue damage, and even life-threatening conditions.
2. Symptom relief: Early treatment can alleviate symptoms like groin pain, discomfort, and swelling associated with femoral hernia, improving the individual’s overall quality of life and allowing them to engage in daily activities without limitations.
3. Prevention of hernia enlargement: Treating a femoral hernia early can prevent the hernia from getting larger and more difficult to repair, making the surgical intervention simpler and reducing the risk of complications during the procedure.
4. Preservation of tissue integrity: Early treatment helps preserve the integrity of the surrounding tissues and muscles, reducing the risk of tissue damage and weakening that may occur if the hernia is left untreated for a prolonged period.

Complications of Untreated Femoral Hernia

1. Incarceration: Untreated femoral hernia can lead to incarceration, which occurs when the hernia becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back into place. This can cause severe pain and discomfort and may require emergency surgery to prevent further complications.
2. Strangulation: If a femoral hernia becomes incarcerated and blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, it can lead to strangulation. Strangulation is a serious complication that can result in tissue death (necrosis) and can be life-threatening. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent this complication.
3. Bowel Obstruction: As the femoral hernia enlarges and the herniated contents become trapped, it can lead to bowel obstruction. Bowel obstruction can cause symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and the inability to pass stool or gas. Surgery is typically needed to relieve the obstruction.
4. Peritonitis: If a femoral hernia becomes strangulated and causes bowel perforation, it can lead to peritonitis. Peritonitis is an infection and inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment with antibiotics and surgery to repair the hernia and remove any infected tissue.

What is Femoral Hernia?

Risk Factors to develop Femoral Hernia

1. Gender: Femoral hernias are more common in women than in men. This is because the female anatomy has a wider pelvis, which creates a larger femoral canal where hernias can occur.
2. Age: The risk of developing a femoral hernia increases with age. It is more common in individuals over the age of 50.
3. Obesity: Excess weight and obesity can put additional pressure on the abdomen and increase the likelihood of developing a hernia. The increased pressure can weaken the muscles and tissues in the groin area, making them more susceptible to herniation.
4. Pregnancy: Pregnancy can increase the risk of developing a femoral hernia due to the pressure exerted on the abdomen and groin area by the growing uterus. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also weaken the muscles and ligaments, making them more prone to herniation.
5. Chronic coughing or straining: Conditions that cause chronic coughing, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or persistent straining due to constipation, can increase the risk of developing a femoral hernia. The repeated pressure on the abdomen and groin area can weaken the muscles and contribute to herniation.
6. Previous hernia: Individuals who have previously had a hernia, such as an inguinal hernia or an incisional hernia, may be at a higher risk of developing a femoral hernia. This could be due to weakened muscles and tissues in the groin area.
7. Connective tissue disorders: Certain connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, may increase the risk of developing a femoral hernia. These conditions affect the strength and integrity of the connective tissues, making them more susceptible to herniation.

Symptoms of Femoral Hernia

• A bulge or lump in the groin or upper thigh, 
• Groin discomfort or pain that worsens with physical activity, and 
• A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the groin. 

Diagnosis of Femoral Hernia

1. Medical History: The doctor will begin by asking about the patient’s medical history, including any symptoms experienced and their duration. They will inquire about any risk factors or predisposing factors for developing a femoral hernia.
2. Physical Examination: The doctor will perform a physical examination, focusing on the groin area. They may gently press on the area and ask the patient to cough or strain, which can cause the hernia to become more prominent. The doctor will assess for any bulges or abnormal swelling in the groin region.
3. Imaging Tests: Diagnostic imaging tests may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the size and position of the femoral hernia. These may include: a. Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to create real-time images of the internal structures. It can help visualize the presence of a femoral hernia and determine its characteristics, such as size and contents. b. CT Scan: A computed tomography (CT) scan may be performed in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain or to provide more detailed information about the hernia. It can help visualize the hernia sac and surrounding structures.

Treatment of Femoral Hernia

Laparoscopic Femoral Hernia Surgery

Benefits of Laparoscopic Femoral Hernia Surgery

1. Minimally invasive: Laparoscopic surgery involves smaller incisions, resulting in reduced scarring, less postoperative pain, and faster recovery compared to open surgery.
2. Lower risk of complications: Laparoscopic procedures have a lower risk of infection, wound complications, and hernia recurrence.
3. Improved cosmetic outcome: The smaller incisions used in laparoscopic surgery lead to less visible scarring and better cosmetic results.

Preparation for Femoral Hernia Surgery

1. Consultation with a Surgeon: Schedule a consultation with a surgeon who specializes in femoral hernia surgery. During this appointment, the surgeon will evaluate your hernia, review your medical history, and discuss the surgical options available to you.
2. Medical Evaluation: Your surgeon may request certain medical evaluations to assess your overall health and determine your eligibility for surgery. These may include blood tests, imaging studies (such as an ultrasound or CT scan), and an electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate your heart function.
3. Medication Review: Inform your surgeon about all the medications you are currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and supplements. Your surgeon will provide instructions on which medications to continue or discontinue before the surgery.
4. Fasting: You will be instructed to fast for a specific period of time before the surgery. This is typically about 8 hours for solid food and 2 hours for clear liquids. Fasting helps reduce the risk of complications during the procedure.
5. Anesthesia Consultation: If general anesthesia or sedation will be used during the surgery, you may need to schedule a separate consultation with an anesthesiologist. The anesthesiologist will evaluate your medical history, discuss the anesthesia options available, and address any concerns you may have.
6. Lifestyle Adjustments: Your surgeon may recommend certain lifestyle adjustments to optimize your health before the surgery. This may include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing any underlying conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. These measures can help reduce the risk of complications and promote a faster recovery.
7. Preoperative Instructions: Follow any preoperative instructions provided by your surgeon. These may include guidelines on when to stop eating and drinking before the surgery, instructions on showering with antibacterial soap, and details about any required bowel preparation.
8. Support and Assistance: Arrange for a family member or friend to accompany you to the surgery and help with transportation and postoperative care. Having support during the recovery period can greatly aid in your comfort and well-being.

Anaesthesia for Femoral Hernia Surgery

1. General Anesthesia: In general anesthesia, the patient is completely unconscious and unaware during the surgery. It is administered by an anesthesiologist through intravenous medications and inhaled gases. General anesthesia allows for complete relaxation of the patient’s muscles, ensuring optimal surgical conditions. The patient is closely monitored throughout the procedure to maintain vital signs and ensure safety.
2. Local Anesthesia with Sedation: In some cases, hernia surgery may be performed under local anesthesia with the addition of sedation. Local anesthesia involves injecting a numbing medication into the surgical area to block pain sensation. Sedation is administered through intravenous medications to help the patient relax and remain comfortable during the procedure. With this type of anesthesia, the patient is usually awake but feels drowsy and relaxed.

Recovery after Femoral Hernia Surgery

1. Hospital Stay: The length of your hospital stay will depend on the extent of the surgery and your overall health. In some cases, femoral hernia surgery can be performed as an outpatient procedure, allowing you to go home on the same day. However, if the surgery is more complex or there are any complications, an overnight hospital stay may be required.
2. Pain Management: It is common to experience some pain and discomfort in the groin or surgical area after the surgery. Your doctor will prescribe pain medications to help manage post-operative pain. Take the medications as instructed and report any severe or worsening pain to your healthcare provider.
3. Incision Care: If your surgery involved making incisions, proper care of the surgical site is crucial for preventing infection and promoting healing. Follow your surgeon’s instructions on how to keep the incisions clean and dry. You may need to change dressings regularly and apply any recommended ointments. Avoid soaking in baths or swimming until your healthcare provider gives you the go-ahead.
4. Restricted Activities: During the initial recovery period, it is important to limit physical activity and avoid activities that may strain the surgical area. Your surgeon will provide specific instructions on when you can gradually resume normal activities and exercise. It is essential to avoid heavy lifting or intense workouts until cleared by your healthcare provider.
5. Dietary Modifications: Your surgeon or a dietitian may provide dietary guidelines to follow after femoral hernia surgery. This may include consuming a balanced diet with adequate fiber to prevent constipation, staying hydrated, and avoiding foods that may cause bloating or gas. Follow the recommended dietary guidelines to minimize discomfort and promote healing.
6. Medications: Your surgeon may prescribe medications such as pain relievers, antibiotics, or medications to prevent constipation. Take all medications as directed and report any side effects or concerns to your healthcare provider.
7. Follow-up Appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your surgeon. These visits allow your surgeon to monitor your healing progress, remove any stitches or staples if necessary, and address any concerns or complications that may arise.
8. Supportive Measures: Use pillows or cushions to support the surgical area and provide comfort while sitting or lying down. Wearing loose-fitting clothing can also help minimize discomfort and allow for proper healing.
9. Signs of Complications: Be aware of any signs or symptoms that may indicate complications, such as excessive bleeding, persistent pain, swelling, redness, fever, or difficulty urinating. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Risks and side effects of Femoral Hernia Surgery

1. Potential complications: Although laparoscopic surgery is generally safe, there is a small risk of complications such as bleeding, infection, or injury to surrounding tissues.
2. Hernia recurrence: While laparoscopic surgery has a low recurrence rate, there is still a possibility of the hernia recurring in some cases.
3. Postoperative discomfort: Some patients may experience mild discomfort or swelling after the surgery, which can typically be managed with pain medication and a proper recovery plan.